3.2 Kepler’s Laws

Discovery Kepler’s Contribution: Johannes Kepler discovered three laws that describe the motion of celestial bodies, especially planets around the Sun. Kepler’s Contribution: Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer who studied how planets move in space. After many years of observation and calculations, he discovered three important rules, now known as Kepler’s Laws. These laws explain … Read more

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3.1 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravity

Gravitational Force Between Two Bodies Universal Attraction: Every object in the universe exerts a gravitational force on every other object. Universal Attraction: Every single object, no matter how big or small, pulls on every other object in the universe through a force called gravity. This force is always there, and it acts across even very … Read more

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2.8 Weight

Definition Weight meaning: Weight is the gravitational force acting on an object with mass. Weight meaning: Weight is the force that pulls an object toward a planet or moon because of gravity. When you stand on a weighing scale and it shows a number, that number tells you how hard gravity is pulling you down … Read more

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2.7 Impulse and Impulsive Force

Impulse Impulse definition: Impulse is the change in momentum of an object, caused by a force acting over a period of time. Impulse definition: Impulse means the amount of change that happens to an object’s momentum when a force is applied to it for a period of time. Momentum is how much motion an object … Read more

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2.6 Force

Definition and Characteristics Basic definition: A force is a push or pull that can cause acceleration or deformation of an object. Basic definition: A force is simply a push or a pull that happens when two objects interact. It is something that can make things start moving, go faster, slow down, stop, or even change … Read more

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2.5 Momentum

Definition and Properties Momentum definition: Momentum is the product of an object’s mass and velocity, representing its quantity of motion. Momentum definition: Momentum is a way to describe how much motion something has. It depends on two things: how much matter it has (this is called its mass), and how fast it is moving (called … Read more

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2.4 Inertia

Definition Inertia definition: Inertia is an object’s natural tendency to resist any change in its motion, whether at rest or moving uniformly. Inertia definition: Inertia is the natural tendency of an object to keep doing what it’s already doing. If an object is not moving, it wants to stay still. If it’s moving, it wants … Read more

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2.3 Free Falling Motion

Definition and Conditions Free fall motion: It is the motion of an object under the influence of gravity alone, with other forces like air resistance ignored. Free fall motion: Free fall motion is when an object falls straight down only because of gravity pulling it. This means no other forces like air or wind are … Read more

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2.2 Graph of Linear Motion

Overview of Linear Motion Graphs Purpose: Graphs visually represent and analyse the motion of objects in a straight line. Purpose: In physics, we often deal with numbers that describe how things move. These numbers can be hard to understand just by reading them in a table. That’s why we use graphs—they let us turn numbers … Read more

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2.1 Linear Motion

Introduction to Linear Motion Definition: Linear motion is the movement of an object along a straight path. Definition: Linear motion is a type of movement where an object travels in a straight line from one place to another. This means the object doesn’t turn, curve, or move in circles—it just goes straight forward or backward. … Read more

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