SPM Chemistry (KBSM) Paper 1

02 Structure of Atom
2.1 Matter
2 Lessons
2.1.1 The Particle Theory of Matter
2.1.2 Changes in the State of Matter
2.2 The Atomic Structure
2 Lessons
2.2.1 History of Development
2.2.2 The Modern Atomic Model
2.3 Isotopes
1 Lesson
2.3.1 Isotopes
2.4 Arrangement of Electrons
1 Lesson
2.4.1 Electron Arrangement
2.5 Practices - Structure of Atom
03 Formular and Equations
03 Practices - Formulae and Equations
3 Exercises
3a Formulae and Equations I
3b Formulae and Equations II
3c Formulae and Equations III
04 Periodic Table
04 Practices - Periodic Table
3 Exercises
4a Periodic Table I
4b Periodic Table II
4c Periodic Table III
05 Chemical Bond
05 Practices - Chemical Bond
3 Exercises
5a Chemical Bond I
5b Chemical Bond II
5c Chemical Bond III
06 Electrochemistry
06 Practices - Electrochemistry
3 Exercises
6a Electrochemistry I
6b Electrochemistry II
6c Electrochemistry III
07 Acids and Bases
07 Practices - Acids and Bases
4 Exercises
7a Acids and Bases I
7b Acids and Bases II
7c Acids and Bases III
7d Acids and Bases IV
08 Salts
08 Practices - Salts
3 Exercises
8a Salts I
8b Salts II
8c Salts III
09 Manufactured Substances in Industry
09 Practices - Manufactured Substances in Industry
3 Exercises
9a Manufactured Substances in Industry I
9b Manufactured Substances in Industry II
9c Manufactured Substances in Industry III
10 Rate of Reaction
10 Practices - Rate of Reaction
3 Exercises
10a Rate of Reaction I
10b Rate of Reaction II
10c Rate of Reaction III
11 Carbon Compounds
11 Practices - Carbon Compounds
4 Exercises
11a Carbon Compounds I
11b Carbon Compounds II
11c Carbon Compounds III
11d Carbon Compounds IV
12 Oxidation and Reduction
12 Practices - Oxidation and Reduction
4 Exercises
12a Oxidation and Reduction I
12b Oxidation and Reduction II
12c Oxidation and Reduction III
12d Oxidation and Reduction IV
13 Thermochemistry
13 Practices - Thermochemistry
2 Exercises
13a Thermochemistry I
13b Thermochemistry II
14 Chemicals for Consumers
14 Practices - Chemicals for Consumers
2 Exercises
14a Chemical for Consumers I
14a Chemical for Consumers II
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2.3.1 Isotopes

SPM Chemistry (KBSM) Paper 1 2.3 Isotopes 2.3.1 Isotopes
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Isotopes

Isotopes are atoms of certain elements which have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons in the nucleus of the atoms.
It can also be defined as atoms of certain elements with the same proton numbers but with different nucleon numbers.
    Properties of Isotope
    Number of proton equal
    Number of neutron difference
    Chemical properties same
    Physical properties difference
    Example:
    Element Name Proton Number Nucleon Number
    Hydrogen Hydrogen
    1
    1
    Deuterium
    1
    12
    Tritium
    1
    23
    Oxygen Oxygen-16
    8
    16
    Oxygen-17
    8
    17
    Oxygen-18
    8
    18
    Carbon Carbon-12
    6
    12
    Carbon-13
    6
    13
    Carbon-14
    6
    14
    Chlorine Chlorine-35
    17
    35
    Chlorine-37
    17
    37
    Sodium Sodium-23
    11
    23
    Sodium-24
    11
    24
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