8.4 Composite Materials and Their Importance

Definition What are composites?: Composite materials are formed by combining two or more different materials to enhance their properties. What are composites?: Composite materials are specially designed materials made by combining two or more different substances, such as metals, plastics, or ceramics. These different materials work together as a team to create a final material … Read more

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9.1 Oxidation and Reduction

Redox Reactions Definition of redox: Redox reactions involve simultaneous oxidation and reduction processes. Definition of redox: Redox reactions are types of chemical reactions where two very important things happen at the same time: oxidation, where a substance loses electrons, and reduction, where a different substance gains those electrons. Electron transfer: These reactions feature the transfer … Read more

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9.2 Standard Electrode Potential

Electrode Potential Definition of E: Electrode potential measures a species’ tendency to lose or gain electrons in a solution. Definition of E: Electrode potential is a way to measure how much a chemical species, such as a metal atom or an ion, wants to lose or gain electrons when placed into a solution. It helps … Read more

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8.2 Glass Composition and Its Uses

Main Component Primary material: Glass mainly consists of silica (silicon dioxide, SiO₂), typically obtained from sand. Primary material: The main ingredient used to make glass is silica, which is also called silicon dioxide (SiO₂). Silica is most commonly found in sand, and it forms the base structure of glass, giving it strength and clarity. Atomic … Read more

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8.3 Ceramic Composition and Its Uses

Definition What are ceramics?: Ceramics are materials made from inorganic, non-metallic substances. What are ceramics?: Ceramics are special types of materials that are made from substances that do not come from living things and do not contain metal. These materials are often formed by heating them to very high temperatures, causing them to harden into … Read more

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7.3 Application of Factors Affecting Reaction Rates in Life

Introduction Practical Importance: Understanding reaction rates helps in controlling and optimising processes in daily life and industries. Practical Importance: Understanding how reaction rates work is extremely important because it allows people to control and adjust how fast or slow chemical reactions happen. This knowledge is used not only in everyday activities like cooking and preserving … Read more

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7.4 Collision Theory

Fundamental Principle Basis of Collision Theory: Chemical reactions occur when reactant particles collide with sufficient energy and correct orientation. Basis of Collision Theory: The most important idea behind collision theory is that chemical reactions can only happen when the particles of the reactants physically bump into each other. However, not just any collision is good … Read more

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8.1 Alloys and Their Importance

Definition: What is an alloy?: An alloy is a material made from two or more elements, with the main element being a metal. What is an alloy?: An alloy is a special kind of material that is made by combining two or more different elements together, where the main element is usually a metal. By … Read more

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7.1 Determination of Reaction Rates

Definition of Reaction Rate What is Reaction Rate: Reaction rate measures how quickly a chemical reaction occurs by tracking changes in reactants or products over time. What is Reaction Rate: Reaction rate explains how fast or how slow a chemical reaction happens by looking at how quickly the amount of reactants goes down or how … Read more

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7.2 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates

Introduction Overview of Factors: Reaction speed is influenced by factors that affect the frequency and energy of collisions between reactant particles. Overview of Factors: The speed at which a chemical reaction happens is influenced by several important factors. These factors mainly affect two things: how often the particles of the reactants bump into each other … Read more

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