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Ionic Compounds Electrical Conductivity: Ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten or aqueous form because their ions are free to move and carry electric charge. Electrical Conductivity: Ionic compounds can conduct electricity, but only when they are melted into a liquid (molten) or dissolved in water (aqueous solution). This is because their ions, which carry electrical … Read more

Acids Definition: Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. Definition: Acids are special types of substances that, when mixed with water, release hydrogen ions (H⁺). These hydrogen ions are what give acids their sour taste and chemical strength. Ionisation in Water: Acids ionise in water by breaking their covalent bonds, … Read more

Covalent Bond Basics Definition of Covalent Bond: A covalent bond is formed when atoms share pairs of valence electrons, usually between non-metal atoms. Definition of Covalent Bond: A covalent bond happens when two atoms, usually non-metal atoms, decide to share electrons from their outermost shells. These shared electrons help both atoms feel more stable because … Read more

Definition and Nature What is a Hydrogen Bond? A hydrogen bond is an attractive force occurring when hydrogen is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom (F, O, or N) and is attracted to another electronegative atom. What is a Hydrogen Bond?: A hydrogen bond is a special kind of force that pulls molecules together. … Read more

Definition and Nature What is a Dative Bond? A dative bond is a type of covalent bond where both electrons in the shared pair come from the same atom. What is a Dative Bond?: A dative bond is a special kind of covalent bond. Normally, in covalent bonds, two atoms share a pair of electrons, … Read more

Why Atoms Combine Goal of Stability: Atoms combine to achieve stable electron arrangements similar to noble gases. Goal of Stability: Atoms combine because they want to become more stable, like the noble gases. Noble gases already have full outer electron shells, so other atoms try to copy that arrangement to feel “safe and complete.” Methods … Read more

Ionic Bond Basics Definition of Ionic Bond: Ionic bonds (ikatan ion) are chemical bonds formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions created by electron transfer. Definition of Ionic Bond: An ionic bond, also known as ikatan ion in Malay, is a type of chemical bond. It happens when one atom gives away one … Read more

Location on the Periodic Table Groups 3–12: Transition elements are located in Groups 3 to 12, known as the d-block of the periodic table. Groups 3–12: Transition elements are found in the center block of the periodic table, specifically in Groups 3 through 12. These groups make up what scientists call the d-block because the … Read more

Group 1 Elements: The Alkali Metals Nomenclature and Identity Group name: Elements in Group 1 are known as alkali metals. Group name: The elements in Group 1 of the periodic table are called alkali metals. They got this name because when they react with water, they form alkaline (basic) solutions. Member elements: This group includes … Read more

Nomenclature and Identity Group name: Group 17 elements are called halogens. Group name: The elements found in Group 17 of the periodic table are known as halogens. The word “halogen” means “salt-former,” because these elements often form salts when they react with metals. Member elements: This group includes fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine … Read more