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Chemical Formulae Definition of chemical formula: A chemical formula uses symbols and subscripts to represent the composition of a substance. Definition of chemical formula: A chemical formula is a short and easy way to show what elements are in a substance and how many atoms of each element it contains. Instead of writing a full … Read more
Chemical Equations Definition of chemical equation: A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction using formulas and symbols for reactants and products. Definition of chemical equation: A chemical equation is a short and clear way to show a chemical reaction. It uses chemical formulas and symbols to show what substances are reacting and what new substances … Read more
Relative Atomic Mass (RAM) Definition of RAM: RAM is the mass of an atom compared to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom. Definition of RAM: Relative Atomic Mass (RAM) tells us how heavy an atom is when we compare it to something called the carbon-12 atom. Scientists chose carbon-12 as a standard because it … Read more
Protons Symbol: Protons are represented by the symbol ‘p’. Symbol: Protons are represented by the symbol ‘p’. Scientists use this short form to refer to protons quickly when writing equations or drawing diagrams. It’s like using initials to save space and make things simpler. Charge: They carry a positive charge of +1. Charge: Protons carry … Read more
Isotopes Definition of isotopes: Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Definition of isotopes: Isotopes are different versions of the same type of atom. Even though they all belong to the same element (like all being types of carbon or hydrogen), they don’t have … Read more
Laboratory Rules Purpose of Rules: Laboratory rules are essential for conducting chemical experiments safely and effectively. Purpose of Rules: Laboratory rules are essential because they help create a safe and organized environment for learning science. Following these rules ensures that chemical experiments are done in the right way, reducing risks and making sure everyone understands … Read more
Basic Concepts of Matter Definition of matter: Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Definition of matter: Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. This means that if something weighs anything and it fills up a part of the universe, like air in a balloon or water in a … Read more
Early Ideas on the Atom Origin of atomic concept: The idea of the atom dates back to ancient Greece, introduced by Democritus around 450 BC. Origin of atomic concept: The idea that everything is made up of tiny building blocks called atoms started a long time ago in ancient Greece. Around 450 BC, a philosopher … Read more
The Scientific Method in Chemistry Definition: The scientific method is a systematic approach used to solve scientific problems through structured investigation. Stepwise Approach: The scientific method follows a clear order of steps. Each step helps the scientist move closer to solving a problem or answering a question. Starting with observations and ending with a conclusion, … Read more
Origin and Early Development Natural Observations: Chemistry began with humans observing metal behavior and how matter changes. Natural Observations: Chemistry began a long time ago when early humans started to notice how different materials changed when they were heated, cooled, or mixed. For example, when metal was placed in a fire, it became soft and … Read more