8.1 Pressure in Liquids

Definition and Formula Definition of pressure: Liquid pressure refers to the force applied per unit area within a liquid. Definition of pressure: Liquid pressure is the type of pressure that happens inside a liquid. It refers to how much force is being applied by the liquid on each unit of area. This force comes from … Read more

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7.4 Elasticity

Definition Elasticity: The ability of a material to return to its original shape and size after a deforming force is removed. Elasticity: Elasticity is the ability of a material or object to return to its original size and shape after a force has stretched or squeezed it. Imagine you are playing with a rubber band: … Read more

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7.1 Resultant Force

Definition Resultant Force: A single vector that represents the combined effect of all individual forces acting on an object. Resultant Force: The resultant force is one overall force that acts on an object, replacing all the smaller individual forces. It tells us what happens to the object as a result of all the forces acting … Read more

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7.2 Resolution of Forces

Definition and Purpose Definition: Resolution of force is the process of breaking a single force into two or more component forces. Definition: Resolution of force means we take one big force and split it into two smaller forces that are easier to understand. These two smaller forces act in different directions—usually one goes sideways and … Read more

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7.3 Forces in Equilibrium

Definition Force Equilibrium: A condition where the net (resultant) force acting on an object is zero, meaning all forces cancel each other out. Force Equilibrium: Force equilibrium is a special condition where all the forces acting on an object cancel each other out completely. This means that the object does not experience any leftover or … Read more

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13.5 Nanotechnology

Definition of Nanotechnology Scale of Operation: Nanotechnology involves manipulating materials at 1–100 nanometers, where 1 nm equals one-billionth of a meter. Scale of Operation: Nanotechnology is the study and application of materials and devices that are incredibly small—so small, in fact, that they are measured in nanometers. A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter, which … Read more

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13.6 Green Technology

Definition of Green Technology Environmental Focus: Green technology includes technologies and practices that reduce the environmental impact of human activities. Environmental Focus: Green technology refers to modern tools, machines, and processes that people use to help the Earth. These technologies are made to reduce the damage that human activities can cause to the environment, like … Read more

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13.2 Cleaning Agents

Soaps Definition of Soap: Soaps are natural cleaning agents made from fats or oils via a process called saponification. Definition of Soap: Soaps are cleaning substances made from natural materials like animal fat or vegetable oil. People have been using soap for cleaning for hundreds of years. The process of making soap involves reacting these … Read more

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13.3 Food Additives

Definition and Purpose Definition of Additives: Food additives are substances added to food to prevent spoilage, improve flavour, appearance, texture, or nutrition, and extend shelf life. Definition of Additives: Food additives are special ingredients that scientists or food producers add to food on purpose. These ingredients are not there by accident—they are added to improve … Read more

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13.4 Medicines and Cosmetics

Medicines (Drugs) Definition of Medicines: Medicines are chemical substances used to treat, cure, alleviate, or prevent diseases by interacting with the body’s biological systems. Definition of Medicines: Medicines are chemical substances that people take when they are sick or want to prevent getting sick. These substances help the body fight off diseases, relieve pain, or … Read more

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